Septic System Frequently Asked Questions

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A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment system that collects, treats, and disposes of residential or commercial wastewater. It consists of a septic tank and a drainfield.

 The terms drainfield and leachfield are often used interchangeably, both refer to the same general concept: a component of an on-site wastewater treatment system (like a septic system) where the effluent (wastewater) is distributed into the soil for further treatment and filtration.  The drainfield typically consist of a network of perforated pipes buried in trenches or beds, allowing wastewater to be absorbed and filtered by the soil.  The soil acts as a natural filter to remove harmful pathogens and contaminants before the effluent reaches groundwater. 

  Wastewater flows from the home into the septic tank, where solids settle to the bottom, and liquids are filtered out into the drainfield for further treatment by the soil.

A septic system typically lasts 20-30 years, depending on maintenance, usage, and the type of system.

Typically, septic tanks should be pumped every 3-5 years, but this depends on the size of the tank, the number of people in the household, and how much wastewater is generated. The best way to determine if your tank needs to be pumped is to have a routine maintenance inspection performed. J&A Contracting will measure the levels of your septic tank and let you know if a pumping is necessary. 

Regular pumping, water conservation, proper waste disposal, avoiding flushing non-biodegradable materials, and maintaining the drainfield area are key maintenance tasks. 

Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items like wipes, diapers, sanitary products, chemicals, oils, grease, and large amounts of food waste.

Reduce water usage, avoid overloading the system with waste, and ensure that the drainfield is not damaged or disturbed. Proper maintenance and regular inspections can also help. You should also review our Tips for Living with a Septic System.

It’s generally not recommended to use chemical treatments, as they can harm the beneficial bacteria in the septic tank. Regular maintenance and care are more effective.

No, planting large trees or shrubs over or near the septic tank or drainfield can cause root damage to the system. Instead, plant grass or other shallow-root plants.

For more tips and recommendations on landscaping a drainfield or near septic components see our tips for Landscaping Around Septic

Signs of failure include slow drains, odors around the drainfield or house, pooling water in the yard, or sewage backups in the home.

If you experience a sewage backup, avoid using water fixtures, contact a J&A Contracting immediately, and avoid attempting to fix it yourself as it may pose health risks.

Many issues with septic systems can be repaired, such as replacing a damaged sewer line, replacing a pump, or fixing a leaking tank, but sometimes full system replacement may be necessary.

The cost of installing a septic system can vary widely depending on location, soil conditions, and the type of system, but it typically ranges from $20,000 to $40,000 or more.

 Factors include soil conditions, site accessibility, system type, local regulations, and whether it is a new or replacement system.

When properly designed, installed, and maintained, septic systems are safe and effective for waste disposal. However, improper use and neglect can lead to health and environmental risks. If a septic system fails, it can lead to contamination of drinking water supplies and exposure to harmful bacteria and viruses, causing health problems. 

If not properly maintained, septic systems can leak harmful bacteria, viruses, and chemicals into the soil and groundwater, potentially causing contamination.